French-born American sculptor Louise Bourgeois has died in New York, at the age of 98.

Bourgeois suffered a heart attack two days ago

Based in New York since 1938, Bourgeois gained fame late in her long career and kept working

to the end of her life.  Her giant spider sculptures have been exhibited around the world and

earned her the nickname of Spiderwoman.  Her abstract explorations of themes such as birth,

sexuality and death made her one of the world’s most influential contemporary artists.

Although she had long been regarded by her contemporaries as one of the world’s most

important artists, it was not until her 70s that she began to attract a wider audience.

Her spider sculptures – some of which are three storeys high – have been exhibited

around the world, including the Tate Modern in London.

In a statement, the gallery said: “We were deeply saddened to hear of the death of Louise

Bourgeois this weekend. Always at the forefront of new developments in art, she pursued

a wholly personal path and was powerfully inventive, working in dialogue with the

major avant-garde movements of her time.

“Her death is a great loss.”

Bourgeois’ vast installation, I Do, I Undo, I Redo, was the first commission in The

Unilever Series for Tate Modern.  Her sculpture of a giant spider, Maman, was part

of the Unilever Series at the gallery which greeted the very first visitors in 2000.

Ann Coxon, assistant curator at Tate Modern, said: “Apart from its overwhelming

physical presence, the interesting thing is that Louise associated the spider with

her mother – a tapestry restorer – a very industrious woman always spinning or weaving.

“So for Louise, the spider is a very positive feminist statement.”

‘Enormously significant’
The artist said her main inspiration came from her childhood in France, where her father

had an affair with her governess, which her mother refused to acknowledge.

She also used her own clothes as the basis for a series of bronzes.  Artist Richard Wentworth,

from the Royal College of Art, called the sculptor “enormously significant”  He added: “She

connected the intensely private act of being an artist with  the intensely public act of developing

a worldwide audience.  “To have worked constantly for so long and so publicly – is in a field of

its own. There are very few female artists who make it to later life and it’s very tough to be a

woman artist or sculptor.”

Conceptual artist Jenny Holzer said she “orbited Bourgeois” and that “my artist friends and

I are crying today”.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy also paid tribute to Bourgeois, calling her “a very great artist”

who “never stopped creating and renewing herself in her art”.  Bourgeois had been able to “reach

a higher truth, rich in its contradictions, avoiding the trap of the latest trends,” he added.

French Culture Minister Frederic Mitterrand spoke of his sadness, saying in a statement

that the world had lost “a great artist, indomitable and universal”.